Education research paper on Oral Proficiency in the Foreign Language

Education on Oral Proficiency in the Foreign Language classroom - Research Paper Example Foreign-language teachers are as a result advised to promote classroom participation of students since through this they will be able to enhance their foreign language speeches. This paper in particular tries to find the appropriate ways that teachers can employ in order to promote foreign language oral proficiency in their classrooms. Research was carried out through interviews, surveys and classroom observations and various findings presented, from which conclusions were drawn. Table of contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Literature Review 5 The Importance of Oral Assessment 5 Motivating Students to Speak 6 Results/ Presentation 16 Interview Results/Findings 16 Survey Results/Findings 18 Classroom Observations 19 Discussion and Analysis 20 Pedagogical Applications 24 Recommendations 27 References 30 Appendices 33 Introduction Increasing global development and the need for expanded second language skills have led many educators to seek ways to ensure that students of foreign language s leave their classes with a level of language proficiency. Though tests of written language are frequently defined by state standards that are based on written assessments, spoken language proficiency and the use of oral assessments in language classes are receiving increasing attention. The current literature on this topic reflects varied views of educators and administrators, both in relation to foreign language instruction and as a reflection of efforts in this country to support second language instruction for those with limited English proficiency. The application and increasing emphasis on oral assessments in foreign language instruction in the United States has extended from the realization that spoken language proficiency is an imperative part of the application and utility of language learning. In correlation, educators have applied a range of strategies to improve oral language performance, including methods to motivate learners, improve classroom process, and improve ora l language skills. The purpose of this research is to learn and investigate how to prepare activities to engage students in speaking and how to assess speaking in class. Given that not all students will speak the target language outside of class the classroom is a crucial if not the only space for students to engage in the spoken language in their early learning experience. The purpose of this study is also to ultimately create an assessment system that would match effective teaching practices. The research questions guiding the study are: How can I incorporate oral assessment as a daily part of class? How much weight should I place on oral assessment? How can I provide a classroom environment that will motivate students to speak in class? What would appropriate tasks look like? How do other skills/factors support speaking? Literature Review The Importance of Oral Assessment Foreign language instructors have taken the lead from second language (L2) instructional models that place an emphasis on the acquisition of oral language skills and the application of assessments to determine a learner’s pragmatic skills, the skills that they can use in an authentic speaking environment (Ishihara, 2009). Language educators have recognized that pragmatic competence should be achieved through language experiences in the classroom, and instructors can benefit from making

Relationship of a Father and Son Essay Example for Free

Relationship of a Father and Son Essay The moment where everything changed was the day Manning finally won his first arm wrestling match, his father gained some respect towards him and they both learned valuable lessons. One was manning learned that his father was a great parent in his own way and his father learned that being rough isnt the only way you can show affection to your son. On the other hand, in Shooting Dad†, Sarah Vowell describes the political differences her and he father have. In the house she states that one was a republican and the other was a democratic (171). Every time they would try to start a normal conversation they would end up arguing, and having discussions of who beat who. In the end she matures and realizes that they both are actually very alike. Communication is not as easy as it seems but if you take the time to listen and pay attention to details in life you’ll find that your parents’ views aren’t so far off of yours. The fathers competitive side was his way of showing his communicative relationship with his son. Manning used to be able to enjoy a relaxed game of arm wrestling with his father before but as time passed everything became more real and competitive. He states, I always had to lose Want to try it again? he would ask, grinning. and with squinting eyes he would laugh at me, a high laugh, through his perfect white teeth (163). The relationship between the father and son was a physical rough relationship. The attitude of the father impedes the communication to surpass the bond of strength that they have now. The father was seen as the protector of the family. He was the tough guy, who wouldnt show emotions. The son realized that his father has been the person he was for them. He guided them and helped them in the toughest situations in life. The age difference impeded the positive communication between them. This all started when he was a teen. The mental state of a son differs from the mental state of a father. The awareness, attitude, and strength all change as he matures over the years. As he grew he started working out more and became stronger while the dad was aging. The moment he realized he had matured and now viewed life different was when his dad challenged him to what was his last arm wrestling challenge between them. He felt sorry but the power that he was gaining was too exciting to let go of. When he was small the dad was the one with the power, he was the man of the house but now that he won he has now taken the responsibility to take that next challenge and soon be the adult, the head of household the one to take care of the family. He learned a lesson that changed the communication between him and his father. In my life as Ive grown Ive noticed a difference between the communication of my father and I. Before we would talk about dolls and makeup and now we communicate by being rough. We have competitions about the smallest things like whats that color to who will win the wrestling match or soccer game. At first to me all that was boring and bland, but as he started to get older he distanced himself from me. What stopped us from being able to communicate was the fact that we both had different views in life. I was focused on school and focused on achieving my goal to graduate and his focus was on his work and sports. We would spend limited time together that we had so much to talk about yet we would stay quiet for hours. He slowly became more involved in my school and studies and I would get pointers from him on how to play the sport correctly. Now during weekends we go to baseball games, basketball games, or to the library. Our bond has grown to be a strong relationship. The love between families is always there, it’s just that people choose to show their affection in many different ways. Manning and Vowell explain how they struggled to communicate with their father’s but overall they ended up figuring out that they are similar in many way to their father’s. The form that Manning was able to communicate or interact with his father was through a physical tough relation and the Vowell was through nature as she took photos and as he killed it. Learning to communicate can be the key to life; its just the matter of finding happiness between the people.

Dna Extraction From A Kiwi Experiment Biology Essay

Dna Extraction From A Kiwi Experiment Biology Essay Label all samples before putting them into wells. Fill a micropipette with sample A (it must be filled from end to end). Insert a micropipette into the glass holder. Immerse the end of pipette below the surface of the TBE and gently dispense its contents into the well (first well from the left). Cell Transformation Cell transformation is the genetic difference of a cell caused from the uptake of DNA. It is most common in bacteria (bacterial transformation) and occurs naturally in some species. It can also be affected by artificial means (for example: different temperature, different chemicals such as CaCl2 i.e. Calcium chloride transformation). Cell transformation is also used to insert a new genetic material into non-bacterial cells including animal and plant cells. Vector is a DNA molecule which is used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell. There are various types of vectors such as plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids (have large amount to store DNA as compare to plasmids) and artificial chromosomes. The choice of vector is important because it affects so many of the processes such as cloning which includes expression, protein processing. Types of vectors and how they work varies. For example, plasmid vectors are used to multiply or express particular genes. They act as a vehicle to transfer genetic material into host cells. Viral vectors are designed for permanent incorporation of the inserting material into the human genome. These vectors leave genetic markers in the hose genome after incorporating the gene. Comparing viral and plasmid vectors, viral vectors cannot be used to multiply genes. That is because; host in a plasmid vector is immuned to have a reaction to virus. Viral vectors can be used for gene therapy; providing a way to cure genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis. Because these diseases result from mutations in the DNA sequence for specific genes, gene therapy trials have used viruses to deliver unmutated copies of these genes to the cells of the patientà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s body à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ this has been very successful. However, several problems of viral gene therapy must be overcome before it gains widespread use. Immune response to viruses not only inhibits the delivery of genes to target cells but can cause health risks for the patient. Plasmid vectors can also be used for gene therapy because some methods of gene therapy depends on the efficient insertion of genes at the appropriate chromosomal target sites within the human genome, without causing cell injury or mutations (cancer). Bacterial cell transformation is a process by which the genetic content of bacterial cell is changed. In this process, DNA is introduced into bacterial cells. Bacteria which have ability to take up foreign DNA are known as competent cells and they are made competent through use of calcium chloride. That is because; the membrane of bacterial cell is permeable to chloride ions. When chloride ions enter the bacterial cell, water molecules get attached with charged particles. This causes the cells to swell. The CaCl2 treatment (to make cells competent) is followed by heat or heat shock (at 42oC); a new set of genes (also known as heat shock genes) is expressed. This set of genes help the bacteria in surviving at such or low temperatures. Heat shock is necessary for the uptake of DNA because at temperatures above 42oC, bacteria start to lose ability to uptake DNA. Bacteria cell transformation How is the recombinant plasmid created? And how was it put into the bacteria? Explain the diagram you include (Remember: How + Why (for M2) Polymerase Chain Reaction Introduction: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used for the amplification of a small quantity of DNA over one million fold. This technique was first used to diagnose sickle cell anaemia and is now used for cloning and paternity testing. To perform DNA amplification, PCR machines are used. PCR machine helps to prepare DNA and in a short time, it increases the amount of DNA to billions. Experiment: PCR reaction has been done using a thermal cycler (the vast majority of PCR methods use cycling). PCR reaction involves different stages such as control reaction (initial stage), cycling and so on. Apparatus: 3 Tubes (0.5 ml) Tube (for PCR reaction) Ice DNA template for amplification Primer Mix 10x gel loading solution Enzyme grade ultrapure water Agarose gel InstStain Methylene Blue Distilled/Deionized water (optional) Buffer (optional) Electrode terminals Content Reason of Usage Primer Mix Primers are (short strands of mRNA binded by complementary base pairs) are bonded to each DNA strand. Primer mix is a powerful tool which helps to copy every DNA sequences. It contains primers which decrease the chances to target the wrong sites on DNA. They are required to start the process of making DNA. DNA template DNA template means pattern of DNA (to be amplified). When DNA is taken apart between the nitrogen bases, then each side acts as a pattern for the parts (such as complementary strands) that are missing. DNA template is used for amplification of DNA. Nucleotides These are the genetic building blocks which make DNA molecules. These are used to create billion copies of DNA. Method Reason Initialising: DNA sample is heated at 940C -960C for 1-9 minutes. To break the hydrogen bonds in the couple-stranded DNA, creating single-stranded molecules that are susceptible to copying. This is called denaturing. The longer the strand to be copied, the longer the denaturing process lasts. Annealing At this stage, the temperature is lowered to 40oC-65oC for about 20-45 seconds. This allows annealing of the primers to the single-stranded DNA template. The primers are short DNA strands, designed to bond to sites at the beginning and end of the segment to be copied. If the primers are incorrectly designed or the temperature at this stage is wrong, the primer will bind randomly to the DNA, resulting in the wrong segment copy. Elongation At this stage, 72oC-80oC temperature (optimum temperature) is used because of DNA polymerase i.e. Taq Polymerase (it is an enzyme which is used to make a new copy of DNA). This activates DNA polymerase. When DNA polymerase finds a primer (attached to a single DNA strand), it adds nucleotides on to the strand. It continues to do this until it reaches to the end of the strand and falls off. There is a possibility of DNA contamination in preparing a PCR sample. For example, using a same pipette to add different components or using the same tip for different components. But precautions can be taken to reduce the risk of DNA contamination such as using new pipette and tip for each different component. Wearing gloves and safety goggles can help prevent DNA contamination. Washing used equipment or discarding equipment such as used tips.

The Blitz and St Pauls Cathedral Essay example -- England Religion Pa

The Blitz and St Paul's Cathedral When the Blitz began over Britain in the fall of 1940, Londoners were frightened and unsure of what the Nazis had in store for them. However, their uneasy emotions would later change into feelings of nationalistic pride and perseverance, as London became a city full of active resistors to the Nazi forces. This change would be prompted from a variety of sources, including Winston Churchill, the media, as well as the emergence of inspirational symbols. St. Paul's Cathedral is undoubtedly the most powerful of these symbols, becoming a timeless image associated with the Blitz, encapsulating sentiments of hope and courage. LONDON THROUGH THE BLITZ The Campaign The Blitz on London started on September 7, 1940 and continued until May 1941, lasting a total of eight months. The goals of the Blitz were to "pound Britain into submission by bombing economic and civilian targets," and primarily to soften up the morale of the British people (Ray 9). However, "unlike other campaigns this was a contest mainly between Luftwaffe aircrews and British civilians, the one group skilled and the other untrained in killing" (Ray 9). Although the first bombs fell in August, the first mass attack, concentrated on the docklands area, occurred on September 7. Throughout the afternoon, 300 bombers, escorted by 600 fighters, dropped 300 tons of bombs on the docks downstream from Tower Bridge. These bombs ravaged the East End, creating a two-mile high wall of smoke that would serve as a landmark for the night raid. When the sun set, another 330 tons of high explosives and 440 canisters of incendiary bombs were dropped. The bombing rapidly escalated and continued for the next 57 consecutive nights, increasing in str... ...monument that is St. Paul's, the testament to the courage and pride of London, 1939-1945. However, while the size of St. Paul's dwarfs the memorial to the victims, for the people whose attention is caught by the unimposing memorial, the memorial and its message stand as the remembrance of the Blitz. The message of St. Paul's being an unintended monument to the London spirit during the Blitz is no longer heard. Works Cited Fitzgibbon, Constantine. The Blitz. London: Allan Wingate, 1957. Matthews, W. R. and W. M. Atkins. A History of St. Paul's Cathedral. London: Phoenix House, 1957. Neville, John. The Blitz: London Then and Now. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1990. Ray, John. The Night Blitz 1940-1941. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1996. "The London Blitz, 1940," EyeWitness - history through the eyes of those who lived it, www.ibiscom.com (2001).

FACTS Essay

Facts: Precise Engineering Corporation has a contract with Quik Mart Stores to provide customized software for Quik’s inventory control system. Retail Outlets, Inc, Quik’s competitor, induces Sam, a Precise subcontractor who is writing code for the Quik software, to delay delivery of the code for one week. As a result, Precise’s delivery of the software is delayed, and Quik sustains $500,000 in lost profits. Issue: Whether Retail Outlets willfully interfered with a contractual relationship with Engineering Corporation and Quik Mart Stores; when he wrongfully induced Sam to delay delivery. Rule: Wrongful Interference With a Contractual Relationship occurs when, defendant Knew of contract; defendant intentionally induces breach; and defendant benefits from breach of contract. Analysis: Retail Outlet had to know of contract, because he induced Sam to breach such. Retail Outlet induced Sam to breach contract agreement with Quik Mart Stores. Retail Outlet benefited when Quik Mart Stores lost $500,000.00 in sales. Conclusion: Yes, Retail Outlets willfully interfered with a contractual relationship with Engineering Corporation and Quik Mart Stores; when he wrongfully induced Samto delay delivery. A woman name Elle is stuck and injured by a truck as she is walking alongside a road. This incident took place in here home state of Georgia. The truck who struck her was owned and operated by FDC a company that is incorporated in Delaware. Due the circumstances of this case Elle has couple of options in regards to filing a laws suit for damages. Elle’s first option would be  to file a law suit in her home state of Georgia, because this is where the incident occurred. Due to the Long Arm Statues; Georgia has the authority to exercise personal jurisdiction over FDC, regardless that they do not reside in Georgia. This option would be much more convenient for the plaintiff. Also, Elle has the option of filing the lawsuit in FDC’s state of incorporation. The statute of Long Arms also applies to this scenario and allows the case to be heard in the plaintiff’s home state. This option would not be convenient for the plaintiff, because she would have to drive to Delawa re to file the petition and to attend any court hearings and such. In the event that the plaintiff filed the case in Georgia, the defendant has the right to petition for a removal of the case from the state court and h it transferred to a federal court. The plaintiff can request such, because the case involves a diversity of citizenship between the two parties and the injuries that resulted were greater than $250,000. These two facts meet the basic requirements making this case eligible to be heard by a federal court. This might be a considerable option for the defendant if he is worried about prejudice in court towards his case. The plaintiff Elle is more likely to pursue the first option and file her case in Georgia. Besides this being more convenient for her, in addition, her case might be favored more in court because she is a local resident of the jurisdiction.

Defining Moments in the Canadian History Essay

All throughout Canada in the 20th Century there have been numerous events, actions and decisions that we call defining moments. Canada has been through many battles, very hard chosen decisions, and gone through many changes that have changed the way Canadians live today. The battle of Vimy Ridge, the life on the home front in World War One, the invasion of D-day, and the impact of immigration were the most important defining moments for Canada in the 20th Century. Vimy Ridge is now called a Canadian Milestone. It was one of the notable moments because it brought world recognition and a strong sense of patriotism towards Canada. The battle of Vimy Ridge took place at Vimy Ridge and was on Easter Monday, 1917. There had been more than just one battle over the Ridge. The French had tried to win the Ridge three different times, but they were not successful. In fact, none of the countries were. When it came time for Canada, they used a new and different approach. They combined careful pre paration, precise timing, and a great job of the gunners. Canada won the battle in a four day victory. Canada gained more land, more captured artillery than any other British offensive in the entire war, and more prisoners. The battle of Vimy Ridge was so very important because it was after this fight that people started to appreciate Canada and thought that Canadians could manage to be their own nation. Any time before the battle of Vimy Ridge, Canada had always been allied with Britain. With the winning of the Ridge, Canada got more independence that changed the way people thought of Canada. One Canadian soldier at the battle recalled: â€Å"The winning of the Ridge gave every man a feeling of pride. A national spirit was born; we were Canadian and could do a good job of paddling our own canoe.†1. The Canadians had won the only significant victory for the Allies in 1917. It was a turning point in the war for the Allies and for Canada as a nation. The beginning of World War One had a great impact on the living conditions back on the home front in Canada. While the war was goin g on, it was a totally different situation back at the home front in Canada. Since most of the men were at war fighting overseas for their country, things had to change for the women of Canada. They had to help out their country in different ways then 1. Evans, R., Fielding, J. Canada. (Canada: Nelson Thomas Learning, 2000), 82 fighting. Many of the women helped by knitting warm clothing and making bandages for the distribution by the military. They also contributed by organizing numerous committees and became unofficial military recruiters, pressed by posters appealing to wives and the patriotic mothers of the war. Many of the women took on jobs that had been considered men’s work before the war started. They started working in factories and took up all kinds of laboring jobs. The role of Canadian women in the war also gave them additional ammunition in their own campaign for their right to vote. Until 1917, the Canadian law stated that â€Å"No women, idiot, lunatic, or criminal shall vote.†2. Women winning the right to vote changed the way that people felt about women. Before the war, their job was to stay at home to cook, clean, look after their men and ch ildren. The men had always worked and supported their family. Without World One starting, women today may still be living the same way because they would have not had the chance to show everyone that they were capable of doing men’s jobs and have to the right to vote. D-day was considered as the turning point of World War Two to many people. Operation Overload took place June 6, 1944 in Normandy, France. The invasion was supposed to start June 5th, but got postponed due to weather. The Allies had learned from the disaster at Dieppe, that this time that they had to plan and rehearse the invasion down to the smallest detail. It was a long-awaited invasion that the Canadians knew they could do right and try to forget the tragic loss at Dieppe. They had managed to keep the whole invasion a secret from the Germans. The Normandy beach of northern France was the selected site for the invasion. Although Canadian forces were smaller then the other Allied forces, their contribution to the invasion of Operation Overload was critical. Most of the Canadian contributed by landing on Juno Beach, where the landing went pretty smooth. The invading force was supported by a large amount of artillery firepower given by Allied ships. There had also been a special land ing craft equipped to fire rockets on the Germans. The Canadians faced underwater obstacles, land mines, barbed wire, and heavy machine-gun fire from the Germans. Canadians managed to get through all this and move inland. This was a great victory for Canada because at the end of the day they had been the 2. Bain, C.M., DesRivieres, D., Flanerty, P., et al. Making History. (Toronto: Pearson, 2000), 33 only Allied troops to reach their D-day objectives. The terrific progress that was made from the landing on Juno Beach was the most important start that led other great things to start happening for D-day. Later on in D-day, Canadians were given the task to liberate the Netherlands. The Canadians did an extraordinary job on that order. Facing defeat, Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 and Hitler then committed suicide. Most say that it was the turning point that signaled the end of the war. By doing such a great job during D-day it let Canadians liberate other countries and made Canadians really feel good about their country. One of the most important changes of all in Canada was the impact of immigration. In 1967, Canada had made a new immigration policy. Immigrates were chosen by a point system based on an education and employment perspective. Canada needed people with training and specific skills. Under this system, applicants were given points according to criteria such as age, education, ability to speak English or French, and the current demand for any specific job skills the applicant possessed. Those who received enough points were allowed to immigrate to Canada. Letting immigrants in the country really enriched Canadians lives with contributions to food, fashion, religion, education, and politics. Immigrants came in significant numbers from places varied as Pakistan, Hong Kong, India, China and the Caribbean. In 1976 the Immigration Act was changed to allow immigrants in Canada with family members to come to Canada and encourage independent immigrants who were bringing needed job skills. This really helped out Canada and used the immigrants to help work in Industry. Multiculturalism came into effect when immigrants starting coming to Canada. For some Canadians it made them feel uncomfortable at first, but later on became familiar with it. The Immigration Act was also a response to Canada’s economic needs. Canada’s birth rate and the size of Canadian families started to increase. The Immigration Act was a way for the federal government to keep Canada’s population and encourage economic growth. From the Act, Canada is now friends with a lot more different countries. Those counties are willing to help out Canada when in need of help and Canada will do the same. In conclusion, the four most significant, defining moments in Canada in the 20th Century were the battle of Vimy Ridge, the life on the home front during World War One, the invasion of D-day, and the Immigration Act. In the battle of Vimy Ridge, we grew to be our own nation, brought world recognition and gave Canadians their own thought of patriotism. The life on the home front during World War One was important because it was then when women had a new role to play. They got to vote and had all kinds of jobs that would usually be men’s work. The invasion of d-day was a signaled turning point to end the war. Canadians played a great role in the invasion. The impact of Immigration helped a lot by enriching Canada with their contributions to food, fashion, religion, education, business, politics and many more. All these moments were significant for Canada and changed the way that Canadians live today.

Identify & evaluate marketing opportunities Essay

Introduction Business can be a profit or a loss it depends on marketing plan. So before starting a business everyone should think about market of that product. Good and planned marketing can be profitable for business. Market research is very important for market planing. Market research is based on geographical area. Target market is based on type of product some vegetarian people don†t like the product that cooked in non-vegetarian food kitchen. Company†s internal and external environment plays an important role in success of business if it is good then the business can be more successful then competitors but the competitor†s strengths can not be avoided in  business. SWOT plays an important role in business so everyone should be careful about there strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Product PIZZA HUT have a good market. This may have to do with the fact there is not just one Pizza, but there are a lot of different kinds of toppings and even styles for its base, thus being international diverse and delicious for all kind of different taste-buds from all over the world. Pizza hut take great pride and care to provide you with the best food and experience in the pizza business by only using the freshest of ingredients when making your pizza. Eating sensibly, combined with appropriate exercise, is the best solution for a balanced lifestyle. Pizza can be a part of a well-balanced meal. Ingredients in our pizzas include protein, complex carbohydrates, Vitamin A and calcium. And, depending on the toppings you choose, our pizzas have items from all of the four major food groups – meat, dairy products, fruits and vegetables, and grains! So take a closer look within our menu for suggestions when counting kilojoules and fat grams. TARGET MARKET – Customers of pizza are the people who interests to buy the pizza. Customers in the area people of houses, shops and other people who drive through the road. All ages of people are the customers of pizza. But some vegetarian people don’t want to eat in that type shops where everything means all veg and non-veg is cooking at same place so they might hesitate to go and eat pizzas. In market research we should think about this categories. For kids the chocolates and cold drinks are available there. Pizza delivers deliver pizza in houses. With survey it can be found what customers usually wants to get the pizza at home delivery. There are all ages off people living there and with monkey survey we can find rich people with better pizza demand and middle class people with normal quality pizza demands. According to customers’ needs make all types of pizzas? Expensive pizza for rich people for rich people with expensive ingredients and normal pizzas are available at reasonable price. All ages of people are the customers of pizza. For kids the chocolate and cold drinks can sell there. There is website on Internet of pizza shop; by visiting that  everyone can come to know about the menu and service provided. business cards and pamphlets can distribute in food shops so people can see and come to pizza shop. Distributing of pamphlets in houses letter boxes is also a good idea to attract the customers to attract the children we offer chocolates and cold drinks in our shop. fresh quality ingredients for pizzas and choose good recopies to cook the pizzas. Geographical Area- parramata to Sydney Market research for pizza shop For market research we search on abs Dandenong because if the pizza shop on heathen road it is in between Dandenong and noble park so in 2006 the population of Dandenong can be find 130751 in which different ages people are living in this area most of them likes non-vegetarian pizzas. With the market research we can find that there are those people whom we are going to market are the people with families with children 30 and some with no children registered marriage 1433 total 1504, step family with no children registered marriage 67 total 94. around 1682 families blending are our customers. If we see the income of these families –couple with no children have total around -1320, couple with children -1682, one parent family -890, other family have -119, total have- 4011 and they can spend a good amount on pizza. In these families people aged 12 to 50 likes to eat pizzas. With monkey survey we found that those family people and people aged 12 to 50 likes all types of pizzas some people likes vegetarian but many people likes non-vegetarian and species pizzas and most of them likes to home delivery so this is the good market that we select for our business. For children we sell chocolates, cokes, coffee, other desserts that can attract more people. Marketing promotion special offer buy 1 get 1 free By offering one pizza free with one in starting can attract more customers than other shops. By attracting more customers in starting can help to run the business successfully. According to customers’ needs all types of pizzas  are there. Expensive pizza for rich people for rich people with expensive ingredients and normal pizzas are available at reasonable price. All ages of people are the customers of pizza. For kids the chocolate and cold drinks are available there. Company’s micro-environment Company†s microenviornment includes internal enviornment+external enviornment that includes suppliers, stakeholders,distributers, customers, competetors, competetions, rules, techonology used for marketing of product. company†s internal enviornment can be changed according to needs of business. Internal enviornment which includes staff, suppliers, price etc should be appropriate according to needs. Good training should be given to staff. Supplier with good service and price should be reasonable. company†s external enviornment like government rules, natural enviornment, competetiors, competetion can†t be changed. So every businesman should be very careful about this. Competitors Today there is a great competition in food industry there are many restaurants, grocery shops, cafe, pizza shops, vegetable shops, shops of fries and chips and other food in the food market which have a great competition in each other. Pizza hut is one of them it is necessary choose better qualities and fresh ingredients to make good products and attract more customers. Pizza shop should have good quality pizzas delicious recipes, good taste, fresh ingredients, nice pizzas, people can taste once and come again and again. competitor of a pizza shop there is opposite the market that is an old shop but this is the modern one with modern facilities. Quality pizzas at affordable price and offering other products like chocolate, cold drinks etc. that attracts more customers. Other competitors are like Hungry jacks, Mac Donald, Lord of fries may attract customers but our pizza shop is away from the market in geographical location can attract all the customers near to us. On the other hand crispy pizzas and home delivery will attract all the customers.Today there is a great compilation in food industry there are many restaurants, grocery  shops, cafes, pizza shops, vegetable shops, shops of fries and chips and other foods in the food market which have a great competition in each other. Our pizza hut is one of them we choose better qualities and fresh ingredients to make our products and attract more customers. In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn’t necessarily want pizza. SWOT- Strengths- Pizza dough is made fresh daily according to an old recipe from natural ingredients, so people can be assured the best and freshest pizzas every time, they’ll find dough is crispy on the outside and fluffy on the inside , use the finest Australian fresh produce and hand cut our fresh capsicums and onions daily. Delivery is daily from 12.30pm – 10.30pm and only costs $2, delivery time can vary between 30-60minutes. Pizza Hut is the market leader in providing different products of pizzas as there are no competitors in this sector. There good image makes the organization more strong. Pizza Hut is providing good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialized in pizzas. Motivation level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. Weaknesses There is a lack of an organic pizzas, which will limit the target market. The shortage of parking can be a problem for a pizza hut that effect on customer attraction. It is hard to find the trained staff for a pizza and it costs a lot to train staff and consume more time. Opportunities Pizza Hut can introduce new Pizzas with different crust sizes and flavors. This may attract new customers with new tastes and this may increase their sales. New market can be explored and new opportunities can be gain. Pizza  can come with new product considering the eastern taste. Threats New entrance of domino’s pizza in the Dandenong market can effect the business but new ideas is our strength. The other local restaurants can affect the market by providing pizza at low price. 1) Marketing mix.. 2)  Elements of the marketing mix are often referred to as the â€Å"Four P’s†, a phrase Product differentiation is required and is one of the strategies to differentiate a product from its competitors. Price The price is the amount a customer pays for the product. The business may increase or decrease the price of product if other stores have the same product. Place Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel. It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the Internet. Promotion represents all of the communications that a marketeer may use in the marketplace. Promotion has four distinct elements: advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. Advertising covers any communication that is paid for, from cinema commercials, radio and Internet adverts through print media and billboards. Public relations are where the communication is not directly paid for and includes press releases, sponsorship deals, exhibitions, conferences, seminars or trade fairs and events. Word of mouth is any apparently informal communication about the product by ordinary individuals, satisfied customers or people specifically engaged to create word of mouth momentum. Sales staff often plays an important role. Conclusion Pizza hut is a good business with appropriate marketing planning. The marketing planning need good market research, planned target market, SWOT analysis, market mix etc. 3) Pizza hut is awesome because many people enjoy eating in this place. Pizza hut can be a family place or you can eat there alone. many varieties of pizza are best at pizza hut, They’ re hospitality  is awesome in pizza hut you can experience good food, great service! 4) For success in pizza business it is necessary to be careful about the weakness, competetior†s activities, customers†s choice and price. Australian Bureau of Statistics National Regional Profile: Greater Dandenong (C) (Local Government Area) POPULATION/PEOPLE ——————————————————————————————————————————— 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 ———————————————————————————————————————————- POPULATION BY SEX – at 30 June Males no. 64 090 63 983 64 105 64 633 65 922 Females no. 64 086 63 998 64 042 64 197 64 829 Persons no. 128 176 127 981 128 147 128 830 130 751 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP – at 30 June Persons – 0 to 14 years % 18.8 18.7 18.6 18.5 18.7 Persons – 15 years to 24 years % 15.0 15.0 14.9 14.7 14.5 Persons – 25 years to 34 years % 15.2 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 Persons – 35 years to 44 years % 14.4 14.1 14.0 13.9 13.9 Persons – 45 years to 54 years % 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.5 13.4 Persons – 55 years to 64 years % 10.2 10.5 10.8 10.9 11.0 Persons – 65 years to 74 years % 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.1 Persons – 75 years to 84 years % 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 Persons – 85 years and over % 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 INDUSTRY ———————————————————————————————————————————– 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 ———————————————————————————————————————————– BUILDING APPROVALS – year ended 30 June Private sector houses no. 221 261 413 578 410 Total dwelling units no. 395 377 642 738 615 Value of total residential building $m 55. 4 60.1 114.4 147.6 120.2 Value of total non-residential building $m 97.9 186.4 222.0 218.0 234.8 Value of total building $m 153.2 246.4 336.4 365.6 355.0 Number per 1,000 population Passenger vehicles no. 572 580 587 592 591 Campervans no. 1 1 1 1 1 Light commercial vehicles no. 69 71 72 74 75 Light rigid trucks no. 5 5 6 6 7 page 7 AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES * – year ended 30 June Total area Area of holding 1 384.3 Cereals for grain 199.5 Vegetables for human consumption 137.7 Orchard trees (including nuts 1.2 All fruit (excluding grapes 1.2 Non-cereal broadacre crops 19.2.